Before starting to draw, remember to change the grid to 0.025 inches. That will help a lot later on.
We have two views
Schematic
Board
I added some new components
Add
Resistor 1 Mega Ohm
MTA connector 3 pin
Schematic layout
Making the Board layout
Board layout
At first I had some troubles making the routes.
Then I used Route button and connected from one component to another.
To change location of the component label, we can go to Board layout and right click on the components and select Smash, then we are able to move the text label.
When the routes are ready you can go to View -> Display/hide layers and select what layers you want to see.
Turn off all layers except the routes, go to File-> Export -> Browse, .png, 500 dpi.
Now turn off all layers except the frame, and go to File-> Export -> Browse, .png, 500 dpi.
Mistakes that we made originally, we changed X min and Y min like we should do, but we also changed X width and Height. But we shouldn't have to change X width and Height.
IC1 = ATtiny45_SOIC('IC1\nt45')
IC2 = regulator_SOT23('IC2\n5V')
R1 = R_1206('R1\n10k')
C1 = C_1206('C1\n3.3uF')
J1 = MTA_power('J1')
J2 = MTA_ICP('J2') BATTERY
J3 = MTA_2('J3')
T1 = NMOSFET_SOT23('T1: N')
Speaker and connector
Battery (power), cable, and connector
10 k Ohm variable resistor
Stuffed speaker sensor board
Programming the board
Then I have to make program for the board.
I downloaded [AVR Data sheet for Attiny45] from Atmel
I take a look at codes from Fab Hello World page specially at hello.speaker.45.pwm.asm and hello.step.45.asm
Some AVR Instructions
SBI -> Set Bit in I/O Register
CBI -> Clear Bit in I/O Register
LDI -> Load Immediate
BRNE-> Branch if Not Equal
First we made some experiments
Open AVR studio
File New Project
Write .asm code
Build and Run
Step into
First we look at our board
We look at our hello.speaker.45.cad board and check if we have some available pins to use.
Define variablbe.
.equ sensor_pin = PB3 ; we call pin PB3 a sensor pin
.equ charge_pin = PB4 ; PB4 is our charge pin
.def sensor_value_high = R23 ; temporary storage for sensor value (here we store our sensor values (because we have 10 bit value, here we have the higher value)
.def sensor_value_low = R24 ; temporary storage for sensor value (here we store our sensor values (because we have 10 bit value, here we have the lower value)
; set Chargepin to output
;
cbi PORTB, charge_pin (the charge_pin is set to low)
sbi DDRB, charge_pin ( charge pin is output
Next we define measuring method.
; init A/D
;
cbi ADMUX, REFS2 ; use Vcc as reference
cbi ADMUX, REFS1 ; "
cbi ADMUX, REFS0 ; "
cbi ADMUX, ADLAR ; right-adjust result
cbi ADMUX, MUX3 ; set MUX to ADC2 (PB4) here we decide what pin we use for measurement
cbi ADMUX, MUX2 ; "
sbi ADMUX, MUX1 ; "
cbi ADMUX, MUX0 ; "
sbi ADCSRA, ADEN ; enable A/D
cbi ADCSRA, ADPS2 ; set prescaler to /2 (here we define at what speed we measure)
cbi ADCSRA, ADPS1 ; "
cbi ADCSRA, ADPS0 ; "
Mistakes that we made:
First we defined PB4 as a sensor pin and a charge pin, we fixed that by defining PB3 as a charge pin and PB4 as a sensor pin.
Then we started to get some response from the sensor.
At first we only used lower value.
;==First version==
;
; hello.speaker.45.pwm.asm
;
; software PWM speaker hello-world program
;
; Neil Gershenfeld MIT CBA 8/2/07
;
; (c) Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2007
; Permission granted for experimental and personal use;
; license for commercial sale available from MIT.
;
.include "tn45def.inc"
.equ mosfet_pin = PB1 ; MOSFET pin
.equ max_pwm = 20 ; maximum PWM on value
.equ pwm_length = 40 ; PWM loop length
.equ sensor_pin = PB4 ; we call pin PB4 a sensor pin
.equ charge_pin = PB3 ; PB3 is our charge pin
.def temp = R16 ; temporary storage
.def temp1 = R17 ; temporary storage
.def pwm = R18 ; PWM value
.def pwm_count = R19 ; PWM counter
.def pwm_cycle = R20 ; PWM cycle count
.def pwm_cycle_count = R21 ; number of PWM cycles per audio cycle
.def cycle_count = R22 ; audio cycle count
.def sensor_value_high = R23 ; temporary storage for sensor value
.def sensor_value_low = R24 ; temporary storage for sensor value
.cseg
.org 0
rjmp reset
;
; main program
;
reset:
;
; initialization
;
; set clock divider to /1
;
ldi temp, (1 << CLKPCE)
ldi temp1, (0 << CLKPS3) | (0 << CLKPS2) | (0 << CLKPS1) | (0 << CLKPS0)
out CLKPR, temp
out CLKPR, temp1
;
; set stack pointer to top of RAM
;
ldi temp, high(RAMEND)
out SPH, temp
ldi temp, low(RAMEND)
out SPL, temp
;
; set MOSFET to output
;
cbi PORTB, mosfet_pin
sbi DDRB, mosfet_pin
;
; set Chargepin to output
;
cbi PORTB, charge_pin
sbi DDRB, charge_pin
;
; init A/D
;
cbi ADMUX, REFS2 ; use Vcc as reference
cbi ADMUX, REFS1 ; "
cbi ADMUX, REFS0 ; "
cbi ADMUX, ADLAR ; right-adjust result
cbi ADMUX, MUX3 ; set MUX to ADC2 (PB4) here we decide what pin we use for measurement
cbi ADMUX, MUX2 ; "
sbi ADMUX, MUX1 ; "
cbi ADMUX, MUX0 ; "
sbi ADCSRA, ADEN ; enable A/D
cbi ADCSRA, ADPS2 ; set prescaler to /2 (here we define at what speed we measure)
cbi ADCSRA, ADPS1 ; "
cbi ADCSRA, ADPS0 ; "
; infinite main loop
;
main_loop:
;first we fetch one measurement
; read response
;
sbi ADCSRA, ADSC ; start conversion
adloopup:
sbic ADCSRA, ADSC ; loop until complete
rjmp adloopup
;
; save conversion
;
in sensor_value_low, ADCL ; get low byte from sensor
in sensor_value_high, ADCH ; get high byte from sensor
ldi pwm_cycle_count, 5
frequency_loop:
; we will not use this line ldi cycle_count, sensor_value_low
mov cycle_count, sensor_value_low
cycle_count_loop:
ldi pwm, max_pwm
cycle_loop:
mov pwm_cycle, pwm_cycle_count
pwm_loop:
mov pwm_count, pwm
sbi PORTB, mosfet_pin
pwm_on_loop:
dec pwm_count
brne pwm_on_loop
ldi pwm_count, pwm_length
sub pwm_count, pwm
cbi PORTB, mosfet_pin
pwm_off_loop:
dec pwm_count
brne pwm_off_loop
dec pwm_cycle
brne pwm_loop
dec pwm
brne cycle_loop
dec cycle_count
brne cycle_count_loop
dec pwm_cycle_count
brne frequency_loop
rjmp main_loop
Code of second version
This is second version of our program and now it changes the speed of the music depending on how we turn the variable resistor.
;
; hello.speaker.45.pwm.asm
;
; software PWM speaker hello-world program
;
; Neil Gershenfeld MIT CBA 8/2/07
;
; (c) Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2007
; Permission granted for experimental and personal use;
; license for commercial sale available from MIT.
; changed by Fab Academy students in Vestmannaeyjar
.include "tn45def.inc"
.equ mosfet_pin = PB1 ; MOSFET pin
.equ max_pwm = 20 ; maximum PWM on value
.equ pwm_length = 40 ; PWM loop length
.equ sensor_pin = PB4 ; we call pin PB4 a sensor pin
.equ charge_pin = PB3 ; PB3 is our charge pin
.def temp = R16 ; temporary storage
.def temp1 = R17 ; temporary storage
.def pwm = R18 ; PWM value
.def pwm_count = R19 ; PWM counter
.def pwm_cycle = R20 ; PWM cycle count
.def pwm_cycle_count = R21 ; number of PWM cycles per audio cycle
.def cycle_count = R22 ; audio cycle count
.def sensor_value_high = R23 ; temporary storage for sensor value
.def sensor_value_low = R24 ; temporary storage for sensor value
.DEF rd1l = R0 ; LSB 16-bit-number to be divided
.DEF rd1h = R1 ; MSB 16-bit-number to be divided
.DEF rd1u = R2 ; interim register
.DEF rd2 = R3 ; 8-bit-number to divide with
.DEF rel = R4 ; LSB result
.DEF reh = R5 ; MSB result
.DEF rmp = R25; multipurpose register for loading
.cseg
.org 0
rjmp reset
;
; main program
;
reset:
;
; initialization
;
; set clock divider to /1
;
ldi temp, (1 << CLKPCE)
ldi temp1, (0 << CLKPS3) | (0 << CLKPS2) | (0 << CLKPS1) | (0 << CLKPS0)
out CLKPR, temp
out CLKPR, temp1
;
; set stack pointer to top of RAM
;
ldi temp, high(RAMEND)
out SPH, temp
ldi temp, low(RAMEND)
out SPL, temp
;
; set MOSFET to output
;
cbi PORTB, mosfet_pin
sbi DDRB, mosfet_pin
;
; set Chargepin to output
;
cbi PORTB, charge_pin
sbi DDRB, charge_pin
;
; init A/D
;
cbi ADMUX, REFS2 ; use Vcc as reference
cbi ADMUX, REFS1 ; "
cbi ADMUX, REFS0 ; "
cbi ADMUX, ADLAR ; right-adjust result
cbi ADMUX, MUX3 ; set MUX to ADC2 (PB4) here we decide what pin we use for measurement
cbi ADMUX, MUX2 ; "
sbi ADMUX, MUX1 ; "
cbi ADMUX, MUX0 ; "
sbi ADCSRA, ADEN ; enable A/D
cbi ADCSRA, ADPS2 ; set prescaler to /2 (here we define at what speed we measure)
cbi ADCSRA, ADPS1 ; "
cbi ADCSRA, ADPS0 ; "
; infinite main loop
;
main_loop:
;first we fetch one measurement
; read response
;
sbi ADCSRA, ADSC ; start conversion
adloopup:
sbic ADCSRA, ADSC ; loop until complete
rjmp adloopup
;
; save conversion
;
in sensor_value_low, ADCL ; get low byte from sensor
in sensor_value_high, ADCH ; get high byte from sensor
;Here we divide the results from the sensor Devision starts
; Load the test numbers to the appropriate registers
;
mov rd1h,sensor_value_high ; use the high sensor value
mov rd1l,sensor_value_low ; use the low sensor value
ldi rmp,0x4 ; 0x4 to be divided with
mov rd2,rmp
;
; Divide rd1h:rd1l by rd2
;
div8:
clr rd1u ; clear interim register
clr reh ; clear result (the result registers
clr rel ; are also used to count to 16 for the
inc rel ; division steps, is set to 1 at start)
;
; Here the division loop starts
;
div8a:
clc ; clear carry-bit
rol rd1l ; rotate the next-upper bit of the number
rol rd1h ; to the interim register (multiply by 2)
rol rd1u
brcs div8b ; a one has rolled left, so subtract
cp rd1u,rd2 ; Division result 1 or 0?
brcs div8c ; jump over subtraction, if smaller
div8b:
sub rd1u,rd2; subtract number to divide with
sec ; set carry-bit, result is a 1
rjmp div8d ; jump to shift of the result bit
div8c:
clc ; clear carry-bit, resulting bit is a 0
div8d:
rol rel ; rotate carry-bit into result registers
rol reh
brcc div8a ; as long as zero rotate out of the result
; registers: go on with the division loop
; End of the division reached
ldi pwm_cycle_count, 5
frequency_loop:
; we will not use this line ldi cycle_count, sensor_value_low
mov cycle_count, rel ; we use the result from the devision, lower value
cycle_count_loop:
ldi pwm, max_pwm
cycle_loop:
mov pwm_cycle, pwm_cycle_count
pwm_loop:
mov pwm_count, pwm
sbi PORTB, mosfet_pin
pwm_on_loop:
dec pwm_count
brne pwm_on_loop
ldi pwm_count, pwm_length
sub pwm_count, pwm
cbi PORTB, mosfet_pin
pwm_off_loop:
dec pwm_count
brne pwm_off_loop
dec pwm_cycle
brne pwm_loop
dec pwm
brne cycle_loop
dec cycle_count
brne cycle_count_loop
dec pwm_cycle_count
brne frequency_loop
rjmp main_loop
Code of third version
In third version of the code, we use different code to start from in favor of Neil Gershenfeld, Ed Baafi and Carl Scheffler.
;
; hello5.wave.asm
; Neil Gershenfeld MIT CBA 7/31/05
; PWM wavetable program
;
; Modified by Ed Baafi and Carl Scheffler to play
; a tune (Mary Had a Little Lamb).
;
; Remodified by Halldor and Frosti in Fab Lab ; Vestmannaeyjar,
Iceland
; to play different music tones depending on variable voltage
;from distance meter
; Last modified: 31st of May 2010
;
; Register definitions
;
.include "tn45def.inc"
.def temp = R16
.def temp1 = R17 ; temporary storage
.def sample_count = R18 ; sample counter
.def sample_delay = R19 ; delay between samples
.def delay_count = R20 ; delay loop counter
.def cycle_count = R21 ; cycle counter
.def min_cycle = R22 ; cycle_count => cycle_count + min_cycle
.def note_count = R23 ; note counter
.def note_lo = R24 ; note low byte
;.def note_hi = R25 ; note high byte
.def sensor_value_high = R25
.def sensor_value_low = R26
;
; interrupt vectors
;
.cseg
.org 0
rjmp reset
;
; waveform
; first byte = number of samples
;
wave:
.db 99,191,195,199,203,207,211,215,218,222
.db 225,229,232,235,238,240,243,245,247,249
.db 250,252,253,254,254,254,254,254,254,253
.db 252,251,250,248,246,244,242,239,236,233
.db 230,227,224,220,216,213,209,205,201,197
.db 193,189,185,181,177,173,169,166,162,158
.db 155,152,149,146,143,140,138,136,134,132
.db 131,130,129,128,128,128,128,128,128,129
.db 130,132,133,135,137,139,142,144,147,150
.db 153,157,160,164,167,171,175,179,183,187
;
; notes
; first byte = minimum number of cycles
; second byte = number of notes
; following notes are specified by the delay between samples
; and then the number of cycles
;
notes:
;; Let me call you sweetheart
;.db 48,52
;.db 95,33,79,0,59,80,52,24,46,33,79,48,84,43,79,0,70,114,70,114
;.db
70,114,70,114,62,73,66,9,62,73,59,16,52,24,62,73,70,60,62,13
;.db 79,96,79,96,79,96,79,96,95,33,79,0,59,80,52,24,46,33,79,48
;.db
84,43,79,0,70,114,70,114,52,168,52,168,52,96,59,16,62,73,59,16
;.db 46,33,79,48,43,123,46,33,70,114,62,134,59,144,59,144
; Mary had a little lamb
.db 10,1
.db
60,250,110,10,90,80,70,18,62,25,62,25,62,85,70,18,70,18,70,72
.db
62,25,52,36,52,108,62,25,70,18,79,12,70,18,62,25,62,25,62,25
.db
62,25,70,18,70,18,62,25,70,18,79,156,62,25,70,18,79,12,70,18
.db
62,25,62,25,62,85,70,18,70,18,70,72,62,25,52,36,52,108,62,25
.db 70,18,79,12,70,18,62,25,62,25,62,25,62,25,70,18,70,18,62,25
.db
70,18,79,108,107,0,62,25,70,18,79,12,70,18,62,25,62,25,62,85
.db 70,18,70,18,70,126,62,25,52,36,52,36,52,36
;
; main program
;
reset:
;
; initialization
;
ldi temp, low(RAMEND)
out SPL, temp
ldi temp, (1<<CLKPCE)
ldi temp1, ((0 << CLKPS3) | (0 << CLKPS2) | (0 << CLKPS1) | (0 <<
CLKPS0))
out CLKPR, temp
out CLKPR, temp1 ; set clock to 9.6MHz/1
ldi temp, ((1 << COM0B0) | (1 << COM0B1) | (1 << WGM01) | (1
<< WGM00))
out TCCR0A, temp ; set OC0B on compare match and set fast
PWM mode, 0xFF TOP
ldi temp, (1 << CS00)
out TCCR0B, temp ; set timer 0 prescalar to 1
sbi DDRB, PB1
ldi sample_delay, 10
ldi cycle_count, 50
;
; main loop
;
;setup AD mælingu
; init A/D
;
cbi ADMUX, REFS2 ; use Vcc as reference
cbi ADMUX, REFS1 ; "
cbi ADMUX, REFS0 ; "
cbi ADMUX, ADLAR ; right-adjust result
cbi ADMUX, MUX3 ; set MUX to ADC2 (PB4) here we decide
what pin we use for measurement
cbi ADMUX, MUX2 ; "
sbi ADMUX, MUX1 ; "
cbi ADMUX, MUX0 ; "
sbi ADCSRA, ADEN ; enable A/D
cbi ADCSRA, ADPS2 ; set prescaler to /2 (here we define at what
speed we measure)
cbi ADCSRA, ADPS1 ; "
cbi ADCSRA, ADPS0 ; "
main_loop:
;
;
; read number of notes and set note pointer
ldi zl, low(notes*2)
ldi zh, high(notes*2)
lpm
mov min_cycle, R0 ; Lesun fyrsta byte, sveiflufjöldi
adiw zl, 1
lpm
mov note_count, R0 ; þetta er fjöldi nótna
adiw zl, 1
movw note_lo, zl
;
; loop over notes löbbun eftir nótunum
;
inc note_count
note_loop:
ldi delay_count, 255
inter_note_delay1:
dec note_count
movw zl, note_lo
nóta lesin
; read response
sensor
sensor
;Here we divide the results from the sensor Devision starts
registers
sensor value
value
result
movw zl, note_lo
continue_cycle:
;
; read number of samples
;
ldi zl, low(wave*2)
ldi zh, high(wave*2)
lpm
mov sample_count, R0
sample_loop:
adiw zl, 1 ; move to next sample
lpm ; read sample
out OCR0B, R0 ; update PWM
sample_delay_loop:
dec delay_count
brne sample_delay_loop
dec sample_count ; decrease sample count
brne sample_loop ; get next sample, ...
rjmp cycle_loop ; ... or repeat cycle if done
Using AVR Studio
Build and Run
Create .hex file
Attention -> Remember to unplug the speaker before you program the micro controler.
Load program to circuit board.
avrdude -p t45 -c bsd -U flash:w:file.hex
Rethinking
Some thoughts how to improve our board.
We could have some button to indicate what kind of sensor we have connected
